Dog Food Ingredients : What’s in Your Dog’s Food and What Role Does It Play In Good Nutrition?

Reading the dog food label on your pets packaging can lead to quite a few questions like… What are mixed tocopherols? or What’s the difference between chicken and chicken meal?

This glossary of dog food ingredients will define the items you see listed on pet food labels and help you understand the importance of each ingredient.

We caution against feeding dogs some ingredients and in those cases we’ve highlighted the title in red as a warning to consider avoiding this food altogether.

Ingredients in Dog Food : Glossary A-Z

Acetate (Vitamin A)

Vitamin A acetate is a synthetic form of vitamin A that is an essential nutrient for dogs and helps support various bodily functions, including vision, skin health, and immune system function.

Vitamin A acetate is typically added to pet foods in specific amounts to ensure that dogs receive adequate amounts of this important nutrient in their diet.

It is important to note that excessive intake of vitamin A can be toxic, so it is important to follow the recommended dosage guidelines when using this supplement in pet foods.

Althea Root

Althea root, also known as marshmallow root, is derived from the root of the marshmallow plant and is used as a source of fiber and as a natural remedy for digestive issues as it soothes and protects the digestive track. It can also help soothe and protect the digestive tract.

Additionally, althea root is sometimes used as a natural flavoring agent in dog food.

Bovine Colostrum (Alpha-Casozepine)

Bovine colostrum is a nutrient-rich substance that is rich in immunoglobulins, growth factors, and other bioactive compounds that can support immune function, gut health, and overall wellness in dogs.

Alpha-casozepine is a bioactive peptide found in bovine colostrum that has been shown to have a calming effect on dogs.

Apple

Apple is a fruit that can be used as an ingredient in dog food. It is often included as a source of fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins. Apples can also add natural sweetness and flavor to dog food.

Beef

Beef is a high-quality protein source in dog food that refers to the meat of cattle. It provides essential amino acids needed for muscle growth, maintenance, and repair.

Beef also contains important nutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12, which are essential for maintaining good health in dogs.

Beef is often used in both wet and dry dog food formulations and can be a good option for dogs that are allergic to other protein sources.

Beef Cartilage

Beef cartilage is a source of glucosamine and chondroitin, which are both important nutrients for joint health. It is often used as an ingredient in dog food and supplements to support joint health and mobility in dogs.

Beef cartilage is typically ground or finely chopped and added to dog food as a source of protein, minerals, and nutrients.

Beef Fat

Beef fat is a high-quality source of fat used in dog food. It is the rendered fat from beef tissue and is often used to enhance the flavor and texture of dog food.

In addition to providing energy, beef fat is a source of essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins that are important for overall health and well-being in dogs. It is usually listed on dog food labels as “beef fat” or “animal fat” and is a common ingredient in many commercial dog foods.

Beef Kidney

Beef kidney is a type of organ meat commonly found in dog foods. It is a rich source of protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, including iron, zinc, and vitamin A. It is also a natural source of taurine, an amino acid important for heart and eye health in dogs.

Beef Liver

Beef liver is a nutrient-rich organ meat that is commonly used in dog food. It is an excellent source of protein, vitamins (such as vitamins A, B12, and K), and minerals (such as iron and zinc).

Beef liver is also a good source of essential amino acids and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which are important for maintaining healthy skin and coat, as well as supporting overall health and well-being.

Beef Liver (Freeze-Dried)

Freeze-dried beef liver in dog food refers to beef liver that has been processed through a method called freeze-drying, which involves removing all the moisture from the liver. This process helps to preserve the nutritional content of the liver, making it a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals.

Freeze-dried beef liver is commonly used as an ingredient in dog food to provide dogs with high-quality protein and a nutrient-rich diet. It can also be used as a treat or supplement for dogs.

Beef Meal

Beef meal is a concentrated source of protein derived from beef that has been cooked, dried, and ground into a powder. It is commonly used in dog food as a source of high-quality protein, as it contains a high percentage of protein compared to fresh beef.

Additionally, the cooking and drying process helps to remove moisture and concentrate the nutrients, making it a more nutritionally dense ingredient. Beef meal is often listed on dog food labels as “beef meal,” “dehydrated beef,” or “dried beef.”

Beef Tripe

Beef tripe is a type of organ meat that comes from the stomach of a cow. It is commonly used as an ingredient in dog food because it is a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals. Tripe is also known to contain digestive enzymes that may help dogs digest their food more easily.

Some people believe that feeding dogs tripe can help with issues such as upset stomach, constipation, and diarrhea. However, as with all ingredients, it is important to check with your veterinarian before making any significant changes to your dog’s diet.

Blueberries

Blueberries are a fruit ingredient often added to dog food as a source of antioxidants, vitamins, and fiber. They are a low-calorie and nutrient-dense ingredient that can help support the immune system and promote overall health in dogs.

Blueberries are also known for their anti-inflammatory properties and may help protect against certain diseases.

Bison (Roasted)

Roasted bison is a high-quality protein source that is commonly used in dog food. It is made from the meat of the North American bison, which is a lean, nutrient-dense meat that is rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals.

Roasting the bison helps to preserve its nutritional content and flavor, making it an excellent ingredient for dog food. Bison meat is also a good source of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, which can help to support healthy skin and coat in dogs.

Boar (Wild)

Boar is a type of wild pig that is used as an ingredient in some dog foods. It is a good source of protein and contains a range of essential amino acids, as well as vitamins and minerals.

Boar meat is often used as an alternative to more common protein sources like chicken or beef, and may be beneficial for dogs with food sensitivities or allergies.

Butternut Squash (Whole)

Butternut squash is a type of winter squash that is often used in dog food as a source of carbohydrates and fiber. It is low in calories and high in nutrients such as beta-carotene, vitamin C, and potassium.

Butternut squash can be cooked and mashed or pureed and added to dog food as a healthy ingredient. It is also a common ingredient in many homemade dog food recipes.

Calcium Pantothenate (Vitamin B5)

Calcium pantothenate is a nutrient supplement that is a form of vitamin B5, which plays a role in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. Calcium pantothenate is a white, water-soluble powder that is easily absorbed by the body. It can be found naturally in foods such as meat, fish, poultry, and whole grains.

In dog food, calcium pantothenate is typically added as a synthetic form to help ensure that dogs receive adequate amounts of vitamin B5.

Carrots

Carrot is a common ingredient in dog food, which provides a range of nutritional benefits. Carrots are a good source of fiber, which can help improve digestion and promote regular bowel movements in dogs. They are also rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as potassium, calcium, and other minerals, which can help support your dog’s overall health and wellbeing.

Additionally, carrots contain antioxidants that can help protect your dog’s cells from damage and boost their immune system. Carrots are often included in fresh dog food as a source of natural flavor and can provide a crunchy texture that many dogs enjoy.

Catfish Meal

Catfish meal is a type of dehydrated and ground catfish meat that is commonly used as a protein source in dog food. It is made by taking whole catfish, removing the water and fat, and then grinding the remaining meat into a fine powder.

Catfish meal is often used in dog foods as a source of high-quality protein, as well as essential fatty acids and vitamins. It is also an affordable and sustainable source of protein compared to other meats like beef or chicken.

Cheese

Cheese is a dairy product that is sometimes used as an ingredient in dog food. It can provide a source of protein and fat, as well as calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D.

However, it is important to note that some dogs may be lactose intolerant and may have difficulty digesting dairy products. Additionally, cheese can be high in calories and fat, so it should be given in moderation as a treat rather than as a regular ingredient in a dog’s diet.

Chicken (Deboned)

Deboned chicken in dog food refers to the meat of chicken that has been removed from the bones and then processed for use as an ingredient in pet food. It is a high-quality protein source that is often used in dry and wet dog food formulations.

Deboned chicken can provide essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as niacin, phosphorus, and selenium that are important for a dog’s overall health and wellbeing.

It is a common ingredient in many dog foods, and can be a good option for dogs that require a high protein diet.

Chicken Cartilage

Chicken cartilage is a source of glucosamine and chondroitin, which are popular dietary supplements for dogs that support joint health. In dog food, chicken cartilage can be added as a natural source of these supplements, providing a nutrient boost to the food.

Additionally, chicken cartilage is a source of protein and other essential nutrients, making it a nutritious ingredient in dog food.

Chicken Heart

Chicken hearts are a protein source commonly used in dog food. They are nutrient-dense and rich in vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12, iron, and zinc.

Chicken hearts are also low in fat and are a good source of taurine, an amino acid important for heart health. They are often used in dog food as a flavor enhancer and to provide variety in protein sources.

Chicken Fat

Chicken fat is a source of energy and can also provide essential fatty acids that are important for maintaining healthy skin and coat.

Chicken Fat (Preserved with Mixed Tocopherols)

Chicken Fat is a high-quality source of fat that provides essential fatty acids, energy, and flavor to the dog food. It is made from rendered chicken fat, which is the byproduct of processing chicken meat.

Mixed tocopherols are added to the fat as a natural preservative to prevent oxidation and rancidity, which can affect the flavor and nutritional quality of the food.

Chicken (Natural Flavor)

Natural chicken flavor is a substance derived from chicken that is added to dog food to enhance its taste and aroma. It is often made by combining chicken meat or chicken broth with other natural ingredients and then heating the mixture to create a concentrated flavor extract.

Natural chicken flavor is typically used in small amounts to improve the palatability of dog food and encourage picky eaters to eat.

It is important to note that natural chicken flavor should not be confused with artificial flavorings or additives, which may be less healthy for dogs.

Chicken Liver

Chicken liver is a nutrient-dense organ meat that is a rich source of vitamins A and B12, iron, and other minerals. It is a source of high-quality protein, and also contains important vitamins and minerals such as zinc.

Chicken liver is often used in dog food to enhance the flavor and provide additional nutrients for your dog’s overall health and well-being.

Chicken Meal

Chicken meal is a high-protein ingredient made from cooked, dried, and ground chicken, including the meat, skin, and possibly even some bone.

Chicken meal typically contains a higher percentage of protein than fresh chicken because the water and fat are removed during processing, making it a more concentrated source of protein. It is a common ingredient in many dog food formulas and can be a good source of essential amino acids and nutrients for dogs.

Chicory Root (Dried)

Dried chicory root is a prebiotic ingredient that is added to dog food to support digestive health. It is a source of inulin, which is a type of soluble fiber that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

In addition to aiding digestion, chicory root may also have other health benefits, such as helping to regulate blood sugar levels and reducing inflammation. It is a natural ingredient that can also add flavor and texture to dog food.

Choline Chloride

Choline chloride is a nutrient that is often added to dog food as a supplement. It is a member of the B-complex vitamin family and plays an important role in several bodily functions such as nerve signaling, metabolism, and liver function.

In dog food, choline chloride is typically added to support healthy liver function, brain development, and cell membrane health. It is usually added in the form of a dry, powdered supplement, and is often listed as an ingredient in dog food with other added vitamins and minerals.

Citric Acid (Preservative)

Citric acid is a weak organic acid that is commonly used as a preservative and flavoring agent in commercial dog foods. It is naturally found in citrus fruits and is often added to pet food as a natural source of antioxidants, which can help to prevent the spoilage of fats and oils in the food.

Citric acid can also help to improve the taste of dog food and make it more appealing to dogs. In addition to its use in pet food, citric acid is used in many other food and beverage products as well as in cleaning agents and other household products.

Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)

Vitamin B12 supplement in dog food is a type of vitamin B12, which is essential for the normal functioning of the nervous system and the production of red blood cells. It is an important nutrient for dogs and is typically included in commercial dog foods to ensure that dogs receive enough of it in their diet.

Vitamin B12 is usually sourced from animal products, such as meat, fish, and dairy, but it can also be produced synthetically for use in supplements and fortified foods.

Copper Proteinate

Copper proteinate is a chelated mineral used in dog food as a source of copper. Chelated minerals are minerals that have been bound to a specific molecule, such as an amino acid, to enhance their absorption and utilization by the body.

Copper is an essential mineral that plays a role in a variety of bodily functions, including the formation of red blood cells, the function of the immune system, and the development and maintenance of bones, connective tissues, and the nervous system.

Copper proteinate is a commonly used form of copper in high-quality dog foods.

Corn

Corn is a commonly used ingredient in many commercial dog foods. It is a cereal grain that provides carbohydrates, protein, and some fiber.

Corn is often used as a source of energy and can help provide your dog with the nutrients they need to maintain good health. However, some dogs may be allergic or intolerant to corn, and it may not be an appropriate ingredient for all dogs.

Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Product

Dried Bacillus Subtilis Fermentation Product is a probiotic ingredient that is added to some dog foods. Bacillus subtilis is a type of beneficial bacteria that can help support healthy digestion and immune function in dogs. It is a natural and safe ingredient that can be beneficial for dogs with sensitive stomachs or those prone to digestive issues.

The fermentation process used to create this ingredient helps to increase the bioavailability of nutrients in the food and may also help to reduce the risk of certain digestive disorders.

Dried Bifidobacterium Animalis Fermentation Product

Dried Bifidobacterium Animalis Fermentation Product is a probiotic ingredient that is added to dog food. It is a type of bacteria that is naturally found in the digestive tract of dogs and helps to support healthy digestion and immune function.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help improve the balance of gut flora and promote overall digestive health. They are often included in dog food to support the health of the digestive system and to improve nutrient absorption.

Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product

Dried Enterococcus Faecium Fermentation Product is a type of probiotic added to dog food. It is a source of beneficial bacteria that can help support a healthy digestive system in dogs by aiding in the breakdown of food and absorption of nutrients.

Enterococcus faecium is a naturally occurring bacterium found in the intestines of dogs and other animals. When added to dog food, it is in a dried and stable form, making it an easy and convenient way to provide digestive support to dogs.

Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product

Dried Lactobacillus Acidophilus Fermentation Product is a probiotic ingredient that is added to some dog foods. It is a type of bacteria that is naturally found in the digestive system of dogs and other animals.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help improve the health of the gut microbiome and aid in digestion. They can also help boost the immune system and may have other health benefits. Adding probiotics to dog food is a way to support a healthy digestive system and promote overall wellness in dogs.

Dried Lactobacillus Casei Fermentation Product

Dried Lactobacillus Casei Fermentation Product is a probiotic ingredient commonly found in dog food. It is a source of beneficial bacteria that can help support a healthy digestive system in dogs.

Lactobacillus casei is a species of lactic acid bacteria that is naturally found in the gut of dogs and other animals. When added to dog food, the dried fermentation product helps to maintain a healthy balance of gut bacteria, which can aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, support the immune system, and improve overall health and wellbeing.

Dried Lactobacillus Plantarum Fermentation Product

Dried Lactobacillus Plantarum Fermentation Product is a probiotic ingredient commonly used in dog food. Lactobacillus Plantarum is a type of bacteria that is found naturally in the digestive tract and has been shown to have beneficial effects on gut health. When added to dog food, it may help support digestive health and the immune system by promoting the growth of good bacteria in the gut.

Duck

Duck in dog food refers to the meat, organs, and/or by-products of domesticated ducks that are used as a protein source in commercial dog foods.

Duck is often used as an alternative protein source for dogs that have allergies or sensitivities to more commonly used protein sources such as chicken or beef. Duck is also a source of several essential nutrients including protein, vitamins, and minerals.

Eggs

Eggs in dog food usually refer to whole eggs or egg products that have been cooked and ground up.

Eggs are a rich source of protein and contain essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that are beneficial to dogs. They can be used in both dry and wet dog foods and can provide a variety of health benefits, such as improved skin and coat health, increased energy, and better digestion.

Additionally, eggs are a good source of choline, which is essential for brain and nerve function, and can help maintain healthy brain function in dogs.

Egg Product

Egg product in dog food refers to eggs that have been processed to remove the shell, then cooked and dried to create a concentrated source of protein. It may include both the white and yolk of the egg, and may also include additional processing such as blending, emulsifying, or drying.

Egg product is a highly digestible and bioavailable source of protein, amino acids, and essential fatty acids. It is often included in dog food as a high-quality protein source to support muscle development and maintenance.

Fish Oil

Fish oil is a common ingredient in dog food that is derived from fish, such as salmon, sardines, anchovies, or herring. It is a source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for a healthy immune system, brain function, skin and coat health, and cardiovascular health.

Fish oil in dog food may be listed as “fish oil” or “marine oil” on the ingredients list. It is often added in small amounts to commercial dog food to provide a nutritional boost.

Flaxseed Oil

Flaxseed oil is an ingredient in some dog foods that is extracted from the seeds of the flax plant. It is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for maintaining healthy skin and coat, reducing inflammation, and supporting overall health. Omega-3 fatty acids are not produced naturally by a dog’s body, so they need to be included in their diet.

Flaxseed oil is also a good source of lignans, which are antioxidants that may have anti-cancer properties.

It’s important to note that flaxseed oil is highly perishable and can easily become rancid, which can be harmful to dogs. Therefore, it is important to store and use it properly, and it is often included in dog food as a supplement rather than a primary ingredient.

Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)

Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate, which is a B-vitamin that is essential for proper cell growth and development. In dog food, folic acid is often added as a supplement to ensure that the dog is getting enough of this important nutrient.

Folic acid is especially important for pregnant and nursing dogs, as well as growing puppies. It can also be beneficial for dogs with certain health conditions, such as anemia or liver disease.

Garbanzo Beans

Garbanzo beans, also known as chickpeas, are a type of legume that are a good source of protein, fiber, and other nutrients, and are often used as a substitute for grains in grain-free dog foods.

Garbanzo beans can provide a number of health benefits for dogs, including improved digestion, increased energy, and better overall health. They are also relatively low in calories, making them a good choice for dogs who need to maintain a healthy weight.

It’s worth noting that some dogs may be sensitive to legumes, including garbanzo beans, and may experience digestive issues or other health problems as a result.

Green Beans

Green beans are a good source of fiber, vitamins, and minerals such as vitamin K, vitamin C, and potassium and can provide a healthy addition to a dog’s diet. Green beans can be served cooked or raw, and may be included in both dry and wet dog foods. They are a low-calorie food that can be used as a healthy alternative to high-calorie dog treats.

Iron Proteinate

Iron proteinate is a form of iron that is bound to a protein molecule. It is a chelated mineral that is used as a source of iron in dog food. Iron is an essential mineral that is required for the production of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

Iron proteinate is a more bioavailable form of iron, meaning it is more easily absorbed and utilized by the body compared to other forms of iron.

Juniper Berries

Juniper berries are a type of fruit derived from the juniper plant. They are often used as a flavoring agent in dog food due to their aromatic and slightly bitter taste.

Juniper berries contain essential oils and antioxidants that have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, and may also help support kidney and urinary tract health. They are also a natural source of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin K, and potassium. In dog food, juniper berries may be listed as a whole ingredient or as an extract.

Kale

Kale is a leafy green vegetable that is sometimes included in dog food as a source of nutrients such as vitamins A, C, and K, as well as calcium, potassium, and other beneficial nutrients.

It is generally considered a healthy ingredient for dogs when fed in moderation as part of a balanced diet. However, as with any ingredient, it’s important to check with your veterinarian to determine if it’s appropriate for your dog’s individual dietary needs.

Additionally, some dogs may experience digestive upset or other issues if they consume too much kale, so it’s best to introduce it slowly and in small amounts.

Kangaroo

Kangaroo is a type of protein source commonly used in some dog foods. Kangaroo meat is lean and high in protein, making it a nutritious ingredient for dogs. It is also a good source of essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.

Kangaroo meat is considered hypoallergenic, which means it is less likely to trigger food allergies in dogs compared to other common protein sources like beef, chicken, or pork. However, because it is a less common protein source, it can be more expensive and harder to find in some regions.

Kelp (Dried)

Dried kelp is a type of seaweed that is commonly used as a source of iodine in dog food. It is also rich in a variety of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin K, calcium, magnesium, and potassium.

In addition to its nutritional benefits, dried kelp can also help support healthy digestion and a healthy immune system in dogs. It is often added to dog food in small amounts as a natural and healthy ingredient.

Lamb (Deboned)

Deboned lamb in dog food refers to lamb meat that has been deboned, meaning that the bones have been removed. This easily digestible meat is typically used as a protein source in dog food and can provide essential amino acids and other nutrients.

It is important to note that deboned lamb may be different from lamb meal or lamb by-product meal, which are other common lamb ingredients in dog food.

Lamb Meal

Lamb meal is a dry, concentrated form of lamb meat that is commonly used in dog food. It is made by cooking lamb meat and bones at high temperatures to remove the water and fat, and then grinding and sieving the remaining material to create a fine powder.

Lamb meal is a highly digestible protein source that is rich in essential amino acids, which are important for building and maintaining strong muscles and tissues in dogs. It is also a good source of vitamins and minerals, including iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.

Lamb meal is often preferred over fresh lamb meat in dog food formulations because it has a longer shelf life, is easier to handle, and provides a more concentrated source of nutrition.

Lamb Liver (Freeze-Dried)

Freeze-dried lamb liver in dog food refers to lamb liver that has been dehydrated using a freeze-drying process. This process involves freezing the liver and then placing it in a vacuum chamber, where the ice is removed by sublimation. The result is a lightweight, shelf-stable product that retains much of the nutritional value and flavor of the original liver.

Freeze-dried lamb liver is used in dog food as a source of protein and other nutrients.

Lentils

Lentils are a type of legume that are often used in dog food as a source of protein, fiber, and other nutrients. They are a good source of plant-based protein, and also contain fiber, iron, potassium, folate, and other vitamins and minerals that can be beneficial for dogs.

Lentils are also low in fat and calories, which makes them a good ingredient for dogs that need to lose weight or maintain a healthy weight. Additionally, lentils are gluten-free and can be a good grain alternative for dogs that are sensitive to grains or have grain allergies.

Mackerel

Mackerel is a type of fish that is commonly used in dog food. It is a good source of protein and contains omega-3 fatty acids, which can be beneficial for a dog’s skin and coat health, as well as supporting their immune system and brain function. Mackerel is also a relatively inexpensive source of protein compared to other types of fish.

It is important to note that mackerel can be high in mercury, so it should be fed in moderation and in appropriate amounts to avoid potential health risks. Additionally, some dogs may be allergic to fish, including mackerel, so it is important to monitor your dog’s reaction to any new food ingredients.

Miscanthus Grass (Ground)

Ground miscanthus grass is derived from the stem of the miscanthus plant, which is a tall grass native to Asia but now widely grown in various parts of the world for its energy and biomass potential.

Miscanthus grass is low in digestible carbohydrates and high in cellulose and lignin, making it a good source of dietary fiber for dogs. In dog food, ground miscanthus grass is often used as an alternative to grains or other carbohydrate sources to promote digestive health and help regulate blood sugar levels.

Mixed Tocopherols (Preservative)

Mixed tocopherols are a group of natural compounds that contain vitamin E, often used as a natural preservative in dog food to prevent the fats from becoming rancid. They are a mixture of different forms of vitamin E and are derived from vegetable oils.

Mixed tocopherols are considered a safer and more natural alternative to synthetic preservatives like BHA and BHT.

Molasses

Molasses is a thick, dark syrup that is a byproduct of the sugar-making process. It is often used as a natural sweetener in dog food to improve its flavor and texture. Molasses is also a good source of iron, calcium, and other minerals that are beneficial for dogs. However, it is high in sugar and should be fed to dogs in moderation. Molasses can also cause digestive issues in some dogs if consumed in large amounts.

Natural Flavor

“Natural flavor” is a broad term used in the pet food industry to describe flavors that are derived from natural sources, such as meat, vegetables, and fruits. It is typically added to dog food to enhance its palatability and make it more appealing to dogs. However, the specific sources and composition of natural flavor can vary widely depending on the manufacturer and the product.

It is important to note that natural flavor is generally considered safe for dogs, but some dogs may have sensitivities or allergies to specific natural flavorings.

This ingredient can be a red flag for some dog owners because it’s not specific about what it includes. “Natural flavor” can mean many things, including meat, plant or synthetic flavors. It’s not necessarily bad, but some pet owners prefer to know more details about the source.

Oat Groats

Oat groats are whole oat kernels that have had the outer hull removed. They are a nutritious source of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber and can be used as an ingredient in dog food. Oat groats are a less processed form of oats compared to oatmeal, and may have a slightly different texture and nutritional profile.

Oat groats may be included in dog food as a source of energy and fiber, and may also provide some vitamins and minerals such as thiamine and magnesium.

Ocean Fish Meal

Ocean fish meal is a high-quality protein source derived from various types of fish. It is made by cooking, drying, and grinding whole fish or fish trimmings, which are then processed into a concentrated powder.

Ocean fish meal is an excellent source of protein, essential amino acids, and omega-3 fatty acids, which can help support a dog’s overall health and well-being. It is also a highly digestible ingredient, making it a popular choice in many high-quality dog food formulas.

Peas

Peas are a common ingredient in many dog foods and are often used as a source of protein, fiber, and other nutrients. They are a type of legume and can come in different forms, such as whole peas, pea flour, or pea protein. Peas are a good source of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, and they also contain vitamins and minerals such as vitamin A, vitamin C, potassium, and iron. In dog food, peas can be a good alternative to grains like wheat and corn for dogs that have grain sensitivities.

Pea Flour

Pea flour is a powdered form of peas that is added to dog food as a source of protein, fiber, and carbohydrates. It is made by grinding dried peas into a fine powder, and it is often used in place of traditional grains like wheat or corn to make dog food grain-free.

Pea flour is rich in essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, making it a nutritious ingredient in dog food. It also has a low glycemic index, which means it won’t cause spikes in blood sugar levels, making it a good choice for dogs with diabetes or other health issues.

Peanut Butter

Peanut butter is a popular ingredient in some dog foods and treats. It is a paste made from ground peanuts and often contains additional ingredients like salt, sugar, and vegetable oil. In dog food, it may be used to add flavor and texture, or as a source of protein, healthy fats, and vitamins B3 and E.

It is important to note that while peanut butter can be a nutritious addition to a dog’s diet, it should be given in moderation and should not contain any xylitol, which can be toxic to dogs.

Pork

Pork in dog food refers to the meat and other edible parts of pigs that are used as a source of protein and other nutrients in commercial dog food. Pork is a common ingredient in many dog food formulations, and can be included in the form of pork meal, fresh pork, pork liver, pork fat, or other pork products.

Pork is a rich source of protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that can provide dogs with essential nutrients for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues.

Pork Kidney

Pork kidney is an organ meat that is a good source of protein, vitamins, and minerals such as vitamin B12, iron, and selenium. Pork kidney is also a natural source of taurine, an important amino acid that is essential for maintaining proper heart function and vision in dogs.

When used in dog food, pork kidney is typically cooked and ground or pureed before being added to the recipe.

Pork Liver

Pork liver in dog food is a source of high-quality protein, vitamins, and minerals, including vitamin A, iron, zinc, and copper. It is often used as an ingredient in dog food to provide flavor and nutrients.

Pork liver is typically ground and cooked before being added to dog food formulations.

It is important to note that while liver can be a healthy addition to a dog’s diet in moderation, excessive consumption of liver can lead to vitamin A toxicity. Therefore, it is recommended to follow feeding guidelines provided by the manufacturer and consult with a veterinarian to ensure a balanced diet for your dog.

Pork Liver (Freeze-Dried)

Freeze-dried pork liver in dog food refers to the liver of a pig that has been dehydrated through a process called freeze-drying. During this process, the moisture is removed from the liver under low pressure and temperature, which helps to preserve the nutritional value of the liver.

Freeze-dried pork liver is commonly used in dog food as a source of protein, vitamins, and minerals, as well as a natural flavor enhancer. It is a highly digestible ingredient and can provide several health benefits to dogs, such as supporting liver function and boosting the immune system.

Pork Meal

Pork meal in dog food is a concentrated form of pork that has been processed to remove the moisture and ground into a fine powder. It is a high-quality source of protein and is often used in dog food as a supplementary protein source to beef, chicken, or fish.

Pork meal can be made from a variety of pork parts, such as muscle meat, organs, and bones, and is a rich source of essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals that dogs need for optimal health.

It is important to note that the quality of pork meal can vary depending on the source and processing methods used, so it’s important to choose dog food brands that use high-quality pork meal from reputable sources.

Pork (Natural Flavor)

Natural pork flavor is a type of flavoring used in dog food to enhance its taste and appeal to dogs. It is derived from the natural juices, tissues, and/or by-products of pork, which are cooked down and concentrated to create a highly palatable liquid.

This liquid is then typically sprayed onto or mixed into the dog food during the manufacturing process. Natural pork flavor does not usually contain any meat or protein.

Potassium Chloride

Potassium chloride is a naturally occurring mineral that is often used as a source of potassium in dog food. It is an essential nutrient that plays an important role in maintaining proper heart, muscle, and nerve function. In dog food, potassium chloride is added to balance the mineral content and provide the necessary nutrition for your pet’s overall health.

Additionally, Potassium chloride is a source of electrolytes that helps regulate fluid balance in dogs.

Pumpkin (Whole)

Pumpkin is a type of winter squash that is high in fiber, low in fat, and a good source of vitamins A, C, and E.

Pumpkin is often used as a natural remedy to treat digestive issues in dogs, such as diarrhea and constipation. It can help to regulate bowel movements and improve overall digestive health.

Additionally, pumpkin is low in calories and can help manage weight in dogs.

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride (Vitamin B6)

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride is a synthetic form of vitamin B6 that is commonly used as a nutritional supplement in dog food. It helps support a healthy immune system, brain function, and nervous system function. It can also aid in the metabolism of protein and help maintain healthy skin and coat.

Quail

Quail is a type of bird commonly used in dog food. It is a good source of protein and is often included in dog foods as an alternative protein source for dogs with food sensitivities or allergies. Quail meat is also rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals such as iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.

Rabbit

Rabbit is a protein source used in some dog foods. It is a lean protein that is low in calories and fat. Rabbit meat is also a good source of amino acids, which are essential for building and repairing muscle tissue.

Additionally, rabbit meat is a good source of vitamins B12 and B3, which are important for energy production and maintaining a healthy coat and skin.

Raspberries

Raspberries are a fruit ingredient commonly found in dog food. They are a source of dietary fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants, including vitamin C and polyphenols, which may have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.

In addition, raspberries have a low glycemic index, which means they can help regulate blood sugar levels in dogs.

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Riboflavin, also known as Vitamin B2, is a nutrient that is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in various processes in the body, including energy metabolism, the production of red blood cells, and the maintenance of healthy skin and eyes.

Riboflavin is commonly found in many dog foods as a supplement to ensure that dogs receive an enough Vitamin B2 in their diet.

Rose Hips

Rose hips are the fruit of the rose plant that are used in dog food as a source of vitamin C, antioxidants, and fiber. They are often added to dog food in either fresh or dried form and can provide a variety of health benefits for dogs, including supporting the immune system, aiding digestion, and reducing inflammation.

Rosemary Extract

Rosemary extract is a natural preservative commonly used in dog food. It is derived from the leaves of the rosemary plant, and it contains antioxidants that can help preserve the quality and freshness of the food.

Rosemary extract is used in dog food as an alternative to synthetic preservatives like BHA, BHT, and ethoxyquin. It is generally considered safe for dogs when used in appropriate amounts.

Salmon

Salmon is a type of fish commonly used in dog food. It is a rich source of high-quality protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and vitamins and minerals such as vitamin B12 and selenium.

Salmon is often used as an alternative protein source for dogs with food sensitivities or allergies to more commonly used proteins such as beef or chicken.

It is important to note that while salmon can be a healthy addition to a dog’s diet, it should always be fully cooked and not fed raw to avoid the risk of bacterial or parasitic infections.

Salt

Salt is a common ingredient in many types of dog food. It is added to provide essential sodium and chloride to your dog’s diet. Sodium is important for maintaining proper nerve and muscle function, while chloride helps regulate the balance of fluids in your dog’s body. Salt is typically added in small amounts to dog food, as too much salt can lead to health problems such as dehydration, high blood pressure, and kidney disease.

Sarsaparilla

Sarsaparilla is a plant extract that is often used for its purported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and may also have immune-boosting benefits.

Sarsaparilla is generally considered safe for dogs in small amounts, but as with any new ingredient, it’s important to introduce it gradually and monitor your dog for any signs of digestive upset or allergic reaction.

Soy

Soy is a type of legume that is sometimes used in dog food as a source of protein. It is a complete protein, meaning it contains all the essential amino acids that a dog’s body cannot produce on its own.

Soy can also be used as a source of fiber and other nutrients in dog food.

Some dogs may be allergic or sensitive to soy, so it is important to read the ingredient list carefully and consider whether it’s right for your dog’s diet.

Sweet Potatoes

Sweet potatoes are a nutritious carbohydrate source commonly used in dog food. They are high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals such as beta-carotene, potassium, and vitamin C. Sweet potatoes also have a low glycemic index, which means they can help regulate blood sugar levels in dogs.

They are also a good source of energy and can help with digestion. Sweet potatoes are a common alternative to grains in dog food, making them a good option for dogs with grain sensitivities or allergies.

Taurine

Taurine is an amino acid that is essential for dogs’ overall health and well-being. It is particularly important for maintaining healthy heart and eye function. Dogs can naturally produce taurine from other amino acids, but they may not produce enough on their own. Therefore, it is often added to dog food as a supplement to ensure that they receive adequate amounts of taurine in their diet.

Thiamine Mononitrate (Vitamin B1)

Thiamine mononitrate is a synthetic form of vitamin B1 (thiamine). It is commonly used as a dietary supplement in dog food and helps support a healthy nervous system and energy production.

Thiamine is an essential vitamin that cannot be synthesized by dogs and must be obtained through their diet.

Tomatoes

Tomatoes are a source of nutrients in dog food, including vitamins C and K, fiber, and potassium. They also contain antioxidants, such as lycopene, which may help protect against cell damage.

In dog food, tomato can be used as a natural source of nutrients and as a source of flavor. However, some dogs may have difficulty digesting tomatoes or may be allergic to them, so it is important to introduce new foods gradually and monitor your dog’s reaction.

Tomato Pomace

Tomato pomace is a byproduct of tomato processing and is used as a source of dietary fiber in dog food. It is a mixture of tomato skin, pulp, and crushed seeds that are left over after the processing of tomatoes into juice, sauce, or paste.

Tomato pomace is added to dog food as a source of dietary fiber, which can help support healthy digestion and bowel movements. It may also provide some vitamins and minerals.

Tuna

Tuna is a good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which are essential for healthy skin, coat, and brain function in dogs. It also contains vitamins and minerals like vitamin D, magnesium, and potassium, which are important for overall health. However, there are some drawbacks to feeding tuna to dogs as well.

One potential problem with tuna is that it may contain high levels of mercury, which can be toxic to dogs and cause neurological problems over time. Another concern is that tuna may not be a sustainable source of fish for dog food, as some tuna populations are overfished.

Turkey (Deboned)

Deboned turkey in dog food refers to turkey meat that has been removed from the bone and processed for use as an ingredient in pet food. It is a high-quality source of protein that can be used in various forms, such as fresh, frozen, or dried, and is often included in premium or high-protein dog foods. Deboned turkey provides essential amino acids and nutrients including iron, zinc, and potassium to support a dog’s overall health and well-being.

Turkey Giblets (Liver, Heart, Gizzard)

Turkey giblets refer to the edible internal organs of a turkey, which can include the heart, liver, gizzard, and other organs. These organs are often included in dog food as a source of protein and essential nutrients.

Turkey Liver

Turkey liver is a rich source of protein, vitamins, and minerals that are essential for a dog’s overall health and well-being. Turkey liver is also a natural source of iron and copper, which are important minerals for healthy blood and immune system function.

Additionally, turkey liver contains a range of B vitamins, including vitamin B12, which is important for proper nerve function and energy metabolism.

Turmeric

Turmeric is a spice that comes from the root of the turmeric plant. It is commonly used as a culinary spice and is also known for its potential health benefits.

In dog food, turmeric is used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent and antioxidant. It may also help to improve digestion and promote overall health and well-being in dogs.

Venison (Roasted)

Roasted venison in dog food refers to the meat of deer that has been cooked at high temperatures to remove any bacteria or contaminants and enhance its flavor.

Venison is a high-quality protein source that is also low in fat and contains essential amino acids that dogs require for muscle maintenance and growth. It is also rich in vitamins and minerals such as iron, zinc, and B vitamins.

Vitamin D3 Supplement

Vitamin D3 supplement is a nutrient commonly added to dog food to help support bone health and immune function.

Vitamin D3 is a type of vitamin D that is produced in the skin when exposed to sunlight. It plays a crucial role in regulating the levels of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are important for the formation and maintenance of strong bones.

Vitamin D3 can also help support a healthy immune system and promote overall health and wellbeing in dogs. In dog food, Vitamin D3 is often added as a synthetic form of the nutrient to ensure that dogs are getting adequate levels in their diet.

Vitamin E Supplement

Vitamin E supplement in dog food is an additive that provides additional vitamin E to a dog’s diet. Vitamin E is an essential nutrient for dogs that helps support immune function, promotes healthy skin and coat, and has antioxidant properties that may help protect against cellular damage caused by free radicals.

The supplement can be made from synthetic or natural sources of vitamin E. The amount of vitamin E in dog food can vary depending on the brand and recipe, and should be in accordance with AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) guidelines for dog food nutrient profiles.

Vitamin E can come in different forms such as alpha-tocopherol and mixed tocopherols, which are often used in dog food formulations.

Water Buffalo

Water buffalo is a type of protein source commonly used in some dog foods. Water buffalo meat is a lean source of protein that is high in essential amino acids and is often used as an alternative to beef, chicken, or lamb. It is also a rich source of iron, zinc, and vitamin B12.

Water buffalo meat is considered a novel protein, meaning it is not commonly found in most dog foods, making it a good option for dogs with food sensitivities or allergies.

Wheat

Wheat is a cereal grain commonly used in dog food as a source of carbohydrates, fiber, and some essential nutrients. It is often included in dog food as whole wheat, wheat flour, or wheat middlings.

While wheat can be a good source of nutrition for dogs, some dogs may have an allergy or intolerance to it, leading to digestive issues or other health problems.

Whole Millet

Whole millet is a type of grain that is often used in dog food as a source of carbohydrates and other nutrients such as protein, fiber, and various vitamins and minerals.

It is a gluten-free grain that is easy to digest and is commonly used as an alternative to wheat or corn in dog food formulas. Millet is a good source of energy and can help support healthy digestion in dogs.

Whole Oats

Whole oats are a type of cereal grain that is commonly used in dog food. They are a good source of carbohydrates, fiber, protein, and other nutrients, including vitamins and minerals.

Whole oats are often included in dog food as a source of energy and to promote digestive health. They can also help to regulate blood sugar levels and support a healthy immune system.

Whole Sorghum

Whole sorghum is a grain that is often used in dog food as a source of carbohydrates and fiber. It is a cereal grain that is similar to corn or rice and is a gluten-free alternative to other grains like wheat, barley, and rye.

Sorghum is rich in nutrients such as protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals and is a good source of energy for dogs. Additionally, it has antioxidants and phytochemicals and has been found to have anti-inflammatory properties and may benefit dogs with inflammatory conditions.

Yucca Schidigera Extract

Yucca Schidigera Extract is a natural ingredient derived from the Yucca plant. It is commonly added to dog food as a natural flavoring agent and to help reduce stool odor. It is believed to work by reducing the production of gases that contribute to flatulence and fecal odor.

Some studies also suggest that it may have anti-inflammatory properties and may help improve digestion and nutrient absorption.

Zinc Proteinate

Zinc proteinate is a type of chelated zinc, which means that the zinc mineral is bound to a protein molecule. This form of zinc is used in some dog foods as a source of dietary zinc, which is an essential mineral for dogs.

Zinc plays a role in many important bodily functions, including immune system function, wound healing, and skin health.

Zinc proteinate is considered to be a highly bioavailable form of zinc, meaning that it is easily absorbed and utilized by the body.

Zucchini

Zucchini is a type of summer squash that is sometimes used as an ingredient in dog food. It is a good source of fiber, potassium, vitamin A and C, and other nutrients, and can be a healthy addition to a balanced diet for dogs.

Zucchini is low in calories and fat, and contains some antioxidants that can help support immune function. It is often added to dog food recipes for its nutritional value and because dogs may enjoy the taste and texture.